If a short word is the first or last word of the title, then it is capitalized.Įat Healthy, Eat Well: Embracing Good NutritionĪPA style uses both sentence case and title case as described in the first part of this article. In MLA style, words with three letters or fewer are lowercase, unless they meet the criteria for “significant” words above. These include the longer prepositions such as “between,” “among,” and “throughout.”īetween Two Worlds: Navigating through Adolescence In Chicago style, all prepositions are lowercase unless they are the first or last word of the title. However, if any of those short words are verbs (e.g., “is,” “are,” “was,” “be”), they are capitalized. In the AP guide, all words with three letters or fewer are lowercase in a title. In this article, we will discuss the major differences between them, but note that you should always when writing to ensure that you are following the rules. Capitalization in Different Style GuidesĮach style guide (Chicago, APA, MLA, AP) has its own particularities when it comes to citation and how words are written, and capitalization is no exception. There are additional rules for things like dates, religions, and occupations, which are covered in this article here. These are just a few of the most common exceptions. However, if the hyphenated word consists of a prefix that cannot stand alone (anti-, pre-, etc.), then only the first word should be capitalized.
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When a title or headline contains a hyphenated word, generally both words should be capitalized. However, if a preposition is part of a phrasal verb, it should be capitalized. In our second style above, it was mentioned that prepositions are generally not capitalized. For example:Ī study of the novel coronavirus impact on the healthcare system in Wuhan In this case, we should also capitalize proper nouns. In our first style above, we capitalized the words as we would in a sentence. In English, there are exceptions to just about every rule, including title capitalization. You may be thinking that the above rules seem too simple to cover all cases, and you are correct. Types of active ingredients found in waterways (level 3) Exceptional Cases of Capitalization What is pharmaceutical pollution? (level 2) The Influence of Pharmaceutical Pollution on Frogs (level 1) In the third style, you can use a combination of the two styles to indicate different levels. The Influence of Pharmaceutical Pollution on FrogsĪ Study on the Influence of Social Media on Self-Esteem in Teenagers Words that are not significant include articles (a, an, the), prepositions (by, before, in), and conjunctions (and, but, or). What words are considered significant? This list is quite long, and includes, for example, nouns, pronouns, proper nouns, adjectives, and verbs.Īn easier way to think about this capitalization style is to focus on what words are not significant. In the second style, all significant words are capitalized (known as title case). The influence of pharmaceutical pollution on frogsĪ study on the influence of social media on self-esteem in teenagers In the first style, a headline or a title is written like a sentence (known as sentence case). Vary capitalization by title/headline level.With this in mind, of title capitalization. It does not matter whether that word is a noun, article, preposition, or otherwise- if it comes first, it should be capitalized. The first rule is that the first word of a sentence is always capitalized in a title or headline. Capitalization BasicsĮnglish capitalization is tricky, but there are that apply in every situation. We will also review the differences between different citation styles and suggest some tools so that your research papers are the best they can be. In this article, we will talk about the main things to keep in mind when writing titles and headlines in articles to ensure your capitalization is proper. Even native speakers struggle to do it correctly! Different writing and citation styles all have different rules for capitalization. Communicating information clearly and accurately will ensure that your work gets the attention it deserves.Ĭapitalization in English can be particularly tricky for non-native speakers. But having a research paper written in professional, academic English is the key to having your work taken seriously. With a serious focus on research content, many academics and researchers don’t worry too much about the mechanics of writing.
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